Till now 3d cad technology is predominant. Recently researchers at Stanford University spending much time on projects about 4d technologies. Every technology try to upgrade constantly and cad is no different.
The new 4d technology is much emphasized on empowering project managers and engineers role in managing and minimizing risk throughout all stages of a construction project; effectively communicate the design, schedule, and other project data and rapidly explore design and construction alternatives.
During 1990s 2d and 3d model of cad means advancement in visual representation of cad designs. It is just limited to graphics. At large we can access designs in various formats. The concept of 2d and 3d is just about animation and formats.
But 4d is a breakthrough of this decade. Researchers are mainly into bringing solution for core problem on functionality. Functionality to generate and manipulate model-based project data specifically object-models of the construction project.
Through 4d technologies one can generate multi views and clearly communicate the spatial and temporal aspects of construction schedules to all project participants. Planners, designers, and engineers will use 4D environments to visually relate data much like the way engineers use gradated color 3d models to visualize the stresses on structures.
The thought process is to produce object models of construction project visually in effective mode on the desktop, and in a web-browser. Now planners also can go for a visual-basic macro in Excel and a set of MaxScripts in 3D Studio Max.
4d technology indeed will bring smile on planners and cad analysts face as much importance also given to organization of models. Placing the geometric information in one layer onto two or more layers regrouping CAD components found on several layers onto a different set of layers. Breaking a component into smaller pieces and putting the pieces on separate layers. These above are main features of 4d technology.
Having said there are few challenges still to be solved. utilizing and extending current industry standard efforts such as STEP and IAI, the 4D simulation/visualization progresses and large displays vs. desktop displays
With the help of tools 4d cad has to undergo process that contain importing the schedule data into the Java 4D application, importing the CAD data into the Java 4D application, organizing the CAD data into appropriate groupings, linking the components to the activities, assigning action-types and exporting 4D model to CAVE and to Java 4D applet. It’s easy to import the 4D associations exported from the Java 4D application.
Much improvements and upgrades can be seen in scheduling too. Typically 3d cad involves generating and naming activities, assigning durations to activities, sequencing activities but this time 4d hasn’t left behind in these aspects. This involves association of cad components and activities through lists of names or hierarchies, or by pointing to and clicking on graphical representations of activities. Now the software can automatically link many projects that have naming conventions for activities in Primavera. Even a planner could perform the assembly sequence within the 4D environment, and the 4D tool would record the assembly sequence in a much more interactive way, similar to how today's recording macro features work.
Visit us at 3D Model to Get online free 3D Models and Share your Work www.3dleaks.com 3D and 2D Building Designs, AutoCAD Designer
Wednesday, April 6, 2011
Sunday, April 3, 2011
Model Train Track, The steps you should know
Model train track is measured in gauges, that coincide a great deal with the scale of the model train. for instance, 'N' scale is one sixtieth of the size of a full size train.
The 'N' stands for nine, which means the 9mm, the distance between the inside of the tracks. These tracks are small, and many of these train layouts will fit in a rather small space.
It is also a good size if you are thinking about running long strings of cars, since the train cars will be lighter, they will use less electricity. You could read about all the different train rail gauges, and there are plenty of great, highly detailed specifications, drawings, and layouts.
If you are a beginner, or just a casual hobbyist you don't have to get so technical. You do want to learn the basics the scale letter also give what standard gauge it is. Your most popular scale, HO, has a track width of 16.5mm, or 5/8th of an inch.
There may be other gauges for HO, but they will be clearly defined, like 'HON3.' This means that it is HO scale, but has a narrow gauge, and the track gauge is three scale feet wide, rather than the standard real life gauge of 4', 8" long.
Sounds really confusing doesn't it? Don't worry about that as long as you are sticking to standard scales.
The only time you may have to deal with this more is when you start getting up into larger model train track gauges, for of 1/8 scale model trains. This is really where you have to start dealing with heavy, weight bearing tracks.
When you first get your kit or set and want to set up your track design, it is a good idea to open the individual pieces, lay them out on your work surface, and look at the instruction manual. Look at the different designs they have included and lay out the tracks, without attaching anything as of yet.
You will want to make sure that the tracks lay flat, and don't have any warps in them. Check that the connecting ends are in good condition, and that the switch controllers function smoothly and will fit snugly together.
If you are a beginner, you should be using EZ-Track, or Tru-Track, so these parts should all just snap together. Now before you hook up anything else, you should make sure you are using a clean sturdy flat surface, even if you are just putting it together to make sure it works.
Now no matter what kind of system you use, you will have terminal joiners that will have to have wires connected to them. While some Lionel sets include three rail terminals, most common ones have only two.
It is a good idea to just use the standard screws that come with it, even if you plan to permanently connecting them. For convenience, many new sets just 'plug in,' meaning you just strip the ends of the wires and put it in the plug, no muss no fuss.
For obvious safety reasons, make sure that everything is unplugged before you start working with the electrical aspects of laying track. Then you're ready to go.
Visit us at 3D Model to Get online free 3D Models and Share your Work www.3dleaks.com 3D and 2D Building Designs, AutoCAD Designer
The 'N' stands for nine, which means the 9mm, the distance between the inside of the tracks. These tracks are small, and many of these train layouts will fit in a rather small space.
It is also a good size if you are thinking about running long strings of cars, since the train cars will be lighter, they will use less electricity. You could read about all the different train rail gauges, and there are plenty of great, highly detailed specifications, drawings, and layouts.
If you are a beginner, or just a casual hobbyist you don't have to get so technical. You do want to learn the basics the scale letter also give what standard gauge it is. Your most popular scale, HO, has a track width of 16.5mm, or 5/8th of an inch.
There may be other gauges for HO, but they will be clearly defined, like 'HON3.' This means that it is HO scale, but has a narrow gauge, and the track gauge is three scale feet wide, rather than the standard real life gauge of 4', 8" long.
Sounds really confusing doesn't it? Don't worry about that as long as you are sticking to standard scales.
The only time you may have to deal with this more is when you start getting up into larger model train track gauges, for of 1/8 scale model trains. This is really where you have to start dealing with heavy, weight bearing tracks.
When you first get your kit or set and want to set up your track design, it is a good idea to open the individual pieces, lay them out on your work surface, and look at the instruction manual. Look at the different designs they have included and lay out the tracks, without attaching anything as of yet.
You will want to make sure that the tracks lay flat, and don't have any warps in them. Check that the connecting ends are in good condition, and that the switch controllers function smoothly and will fit snugly together.
If you are a beginner, you should be using EZ-Track, or Tru-Track, so these parts should all just snap together. Now before you hook up anything else, you should make sure you are using a clean sturdy flat surface, even if you are just putting it together to make sure it works.
Now no matter what kind of system you use, you will have terminal joiners that will have to have wires connected to them. While some Lionel sets include three rail terminals, most common ones have only two.
It is a good idea to just use the standard screws that come with it, even if you plan to permanently connecting them. For convenience, many new sets just 'plug in,' meaning you just strip the ends of the wires and put it in the plug, no muss no fuss.
For obvious safety reasons, make sure that everything is unplugged before you start working with the electrical aspects of laying track. Then you're ready to go.
Visit us at 3D Model to Get online free 3D Models and Share your Work www.3dleaks.com 3D and 2D Building Designs, AutoCAD Designer
Saturday, April 2, 2011
Using advance technology in Modern Building Design
In recent years, the methods of designing and constructing buildings have undergone many progressive changes. Our future and the future of our environment are now being taken into consideration when designing buildings. Current technology is allowing companies to build for the future.
A method known as Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been developed as a means of collecting interconnected computable information about a building. Because information is continuously being collected as a building project develops, dependable digital representations of the building are always available for review by all parties involved in the design. BIM creates one central model of a design which is available to all design and construction teams so they are all on the same page as the building progresses. This allows for better communication as it relates to making modifications and resolving problems.
'Green' designs have become a thriving industry. Using technology and innovation, many buildings are now being designed to have the least impact on the environment. Such deigns include recycled material used in constructing the building, green rooftops, a wastewater recycling plant, solar power, on-site power generators, materials that allow water to be captured from the outdoors and get filtered for indoor use. As well, buildings are being designed to use sunlight as much as possible. Using renewable energy technologies and conservation technologies are a major factor when designing modern buildings.
The use of computer-based tools to solve design problems is another way that technology is changing the way the modern building is designed. Using computer technology, building designers can simulate conditions before the building has been constructed. This can include simulating events such as an earthquake.
Buildings are now being designed to meet the ever changing technological advancements. For instance, re-radiating systems (IRS) and distributed antenna systems (DAS) are being installed in large buildings where steel, concrete, and other building materials obstruct radio signals. IRS and DAS boost signals that support cell phones, emergency services radio systems, and personal communications devices. The result is improved safety for building users.
Because much of the workforce either works at home or are on the go, designers are now designing buildings to support wireless technologies. Workers will have the ability to access the Internet, access materials and files from anywhere in the building or while they are away from the building. For instance, some hospitals are conducting patient charting using wireless devices. As well, old and new buildings are now being retrofitted to support wireless technology.
Since our world has become a much more dangerous place, technology is now being used to create safer and stronger building structures. To protect people from those who wish to do us harm, designers are now implementing principles of blast-resistant designs. Buildings are now being designed to sustain and contain a certain amount of bomb damage. This includes preventing a wide-spread collapse of a building, limiting damage to a small area, and reducing the amount of glass and debris spread from a bomb blast.
Advancements in technology are improving how the modern building is being designed and built. Designers are now taking the safety of the occupants and the impact on the environment into consideration when designing a building. Technology is ensuring that these new buildings are being built for future sustainability.
Visit us at 3D Model to Get online free 3D Models and Share your Work www.3dleaks.com 3D and 2D Building Designs, AutoCAD Designer
A method known as Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been developed as a means of collecting interconnected computable information about a building. Because information is continuously being collected as a building project develops, dependable digital representations of the building are always available for review by all parties involved in the design. BIM creates one central model of a design which is available to all design and construction teams so they are all on the same page as the building progresses. This allows for better communication as it relates to making modifications and resolving problems.
'Green' designs have become a thriving industry. Using technology and innovation, many buildings are now being designed to have the least impact on the environment. Such deigns include recycled material used in constructing the building, green rooftops, a wastewater recycling plant, solar power, on-site power generators, materials that allow water to be captured from the outdoors and get filtered for indoor use. As well, buildings are being designed to use sunlight as much as possible. Using renewable energy technologies and conservation technologies are a major factor when designing modern buildings.
The use of computer-based tools to solve design problems is another way that technology is changing the way the modern building is designed. Using computer technology, building designers can simulate conditions before the building has been constructed. This can include simulating events such as an earthquake.
Buildings are now being designed to meet the ever changing technological advancements. For instance, re-radiating systems (IRS) and distributed antenna systems (DAS) are being installed in large buildings where steel, concrete, and other building materials obstruct radio signals. IRS and DAS boost signals that support cell phones, emergency services radio systems, and personal communications devices. The result is improved safety for building users.
Because much of the workforce either works at home or are on the go, designers are now designing buildings to support wireless technologies. Workers will have the ability to access the Internet, access materials and files from anywhere in the building or while they are away from the building. For instance, some hospitals are conducting patient charting using wireless devices. As well, old and new buildings are now being retrofitted to support wireless technology.
Since our world has become a much more dangerous place, technology is now being used to create safer and stronger building structures. To protect people from those who wish to do us harm, designers are now implementing principles of blast-resistant designs. Buildings are now being designed to sustain and contain a certain amount of bomb damage. This includes preventing a wide-spread collapse of a building, limiting damage to a small area, and reducing the amount of glass and debris spread from a bomb blast.
Advancements in technology are improving how the modern building is being designed and built. Designers are now taking the safety of the occupants and the impact on the environment into consideration when designing a building. Technology is ensuring that these new buildings are being built for future sustainability.
Visit us at 3D Model to Get online free 3D Models and Share your Work www.3dleaks.com 3D and 2D Building Designs, AutoCAD Designer
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